The Role of Body Composition and Eating Behaviors in Countermovement Jump Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study in Male University Basketball Players / Vücut Kompozisyonu ve Yeme Davranışlarının Aktif Sıçrama Parametreleri Üzerindeki Rolü: Erkek Üniversite Basketbol Oyuncularında Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
The Role of Body Composition and Eating Behaviors in Countermovement Jump Parameters in Male Basketball Players
Keywords:
Basketball, countermovement jump, body composition, dietary intake, eating behaviorAbstract
ABSTRACT
Aim: Body composition is known to influence vertical jump performance in basketball players, yet whether daily nutritional intake and eating behaviors also play a role remains unclear. The present study aimed to address this by analyzing relationships among dietary intake, eating behavior dimensions, body composition, and countermovement jump (CMJ) parameters in male university basketball players.
Material and Method: Fifteen male university basketball team players (age: 19.67 ± 2.16 years; height: 190.20 ± 6.30 cm; body mass: 87.79 ± 12.05 kg; body mass index (BMI): 24.23 ± 2.77 kg/m²) participated in this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was recorded via 24-hour food recall, eating behaviors were measured with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnairre (TFEQ), and bioelectrical impedance analysis was used for body composition
Results: Total muscle mass correlated positively with CMJ outcomes of peak force (ρ = 0.675; p = 0.006), peak power (ρ = 0.629; p = 0.014), and average power (ρ = 0.700; p = 0.005). Leg and trunk muscle mass values correlated positively with peak force (ρ = 0.661–0.711; p ≤ 0.006), peak power (ρ = 0.699–0.729; p ≤ 0.004), and average power (ρ = 0.615–0.689; p ≤ 0.015). Body fat percentage, fat mass, and visceral fat did not correlate with any CMJ outcomes (p > 0.05). Normalized jump height showed no significant correlations with any body composition variable. Relative nutritional intake (energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat per kg body mass) was not significantly correlated with CMJ outcomes (p > 0.05). Among TFEQ subscales, only susceptibility to hunger demonstrated a significant positive correlation for average rate of force development (RFD) (ρ = 0.518; p = 0.048).
Conclusion: In male basketball players, muscle mass may be a more influential body composition determinant of force and power production during the CMJ than body fat distribution. The correlation between hunger susceptibility and RFD suggests that responsiveness to internal hunger cues may play a role in neuromuscular readiness, though the underlying mechanism requires empirical validation in future longitudinal work. While fat reduction remains a common component of basketball training programs, the present findings indicate that targeting muscle mass development rather than fat loss may yield greater improvements in explosive performance.
Keywords: Basketball, Body Composition, Countermovement Jump, Dietary Intake, Eating Behavior.
ÖZET
Amaç: Basketbolcularda sıçrama performansını etkileyen faktörler göz önüne alındığında, vücut kompozisyonunun rolü iyi bilinmekle birlikte günlük besin alımı ve yeme davranışlarının etkisi belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Bu çalışma, erkek üniversite basketbolcularında beslenme alımı, yeme davranışı boyutları, vücut kompozisyonu ve countermovement jump (CMJ) parametreleri arasındaki ilişkileri analiz ederek bu boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlamıştır.
Materyal ve Metod: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya on beş erkek üniversite basketbol takımı oyuncusu (yaş: 19,67 ± 2,16 yıl; boy: 190,20 ± 6,30 cm; vücut kütlesi: 87,79 ± 12,05 kg; beden kütle indeksi (BKİ): 24,23 ± 2,77 kg/m²) katılmıştır. Beslenme alımı 24 saatlik besin tüketim kaydı ile belirlenmiş, yeme davranışları Üç Faktörlü Yeme Anketi (TFEQ) ile ölçülmüş ve vücut kompozisyonu biyoelektrik impedans analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. CMJ performans parametreleri Kistler kuvvet platformu kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Toplam kas kütlesi; zirve kuvvet (ρ = 0,675; p = 0,006), zirve güç (ρ = 0,629; p = 0,014) ve ortalama güç (ρ = 0,700; p = 0,005) çıktıları ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki göstermiştir. Bacak ve gövde kas kütlesi değerleri; zirve kuvvet (ρ = 0,661–0,711; p ≤ 0,006), zirve güç (ρ = 0,699–0,729; p ≤ 0,004) ve ortalama güç (ρ = 0,615–0,689; p ≤ 0,015) ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki sergilemiştir. Vücut yağ yüzdesi, yağ kütlesi ve viseral yağ herhangi bir CMJ çıktısı ile anlamlı ilişki göstermemiştir (p > 0,05). Normalize edilmiş sıçrama yüksekliği, hiçbir vücut kompozisyonu değişkeni ile anlamlı ilişki sergilememiştir. Rölatif besin alımı (vücut kütlesi başına enerji, protein, karbonhidrat, yağ) CMJ çıktıları ile anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili bulunmamıştır (p > 0,05). TFEQ alt ölçekleri arasında yalnızca açlığa duyarlılık, ortalama kuvvet gelişim hızı (RFD) ile anlamlı pozitif ilişki göstermiştir (ρ = 0,518; p = 0,048).
Sonuç: Erkek basketbolcularda CMJ sırasında kuvvet ve güç üretiminde kas kütlesi, vücut yağ kütlesine kıyasla daha belirleyici bir vücut kompozisyonu faktörü olabilir. Açlığa duyarlılık ile RFD arasındaki ilişki, açlık sinyallerine verilen yanıtın nöromüsküler hazırlığı etkileyebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Ancak bu mekanizmanın gelecek çalışmalarda daha ayrıntılı açıklanması gerekmektedir. Yağ azaltma stratejileri basketbolcuların antrenman programlarında önemini korumakla birlikte, mevcut bulgular patlayıcı performansın geliştirilmesinde kas kütlesi artışının yağ kaybının önüne geçirilmesinden daha etkili bir yaklaşım olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Aktif Sıçrama, Basketbol, Beslenme, Vücut Kompozisyonu, Yeme Davranışı
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