The Effects of 8 Weeks of Reformer Pilates Exercises on Core Stability, Balance, Flexibility, and Body Composition in Women Aged 20–30 / 20–30 Yaş Arası Kadınlarda 8 Haftalık Reformer Pilates Egzersizlerinin Core Stabilite, Denge, Esneklik ve Vücut Kompozisyonu Üzerine Etkileri
The Effects of Reformer Pilates Exercises on Core Stability, Balance, Flexibility, and Body Composition in Women
Keywords:
reformer pilates, balance, core stability, flexibility, body compositionAbstract
ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine in detail the effects of reformer Pilates exercises, performed twice weekly for eight consecutive weeks, on balance, flexibility, core muscle strength, and body composition in healthy women aged 20–30 years.
Material and Method: A total of 18 volunteer women who did not have regular exercise habits participated in the study and were randomly assigned to an exercise group (n=10) and a control group (n=8). The exercise group completed a supervised reformer Pilates program lasting approximately 60 minutes per session, twice a week for eight weeks. Each session consisted of a structured warm-up phase, fundamental reformer exercises and a cool-down and stretching phase. The control group maintained their usual daily routines without engaging in any structured exercise intervention. Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention period. Balance performance was assessed using the single-leg stance test and the Y-balance test to measure static and dynamic balance. Flexibility was evaluated with the sit-and-reach test. Core muscle endurance was assessed using plank and side plank tests. Body composition parameters, including body fat percentage and lean body mass, were measured using standardized assessment procedures.
Results: Following the eight-week reformer Pilates program, statistically significant improvements were observed in the exercise group in static and dynamic balance scores, flexibility levels, and core muscle endurance parameters (p<0.05). Furthermore, body composition analysis revealed a significant reduction in body fat percentage and a significant increase in lean body mass in the exercise group (p<0.05). In contrast, no statistically significant changes were detected in any of the measured variables in the control group (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The findings indicate that even a relatively short-term reformer Pilates program can produce meaningful improvements in functional physical fitness components in young adult women. Owing to its positive effects on postural control, core stabilization, and body composition, reformer Pilates appears to be an effective and reliable exercise modality that can be incorporated into physiotherapy applications and general fitness programs for health promotion and physical performance enhancement.
Keywords: Balance, Body Composition, Core Stability, Flexibility, Reformer Pilates.
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, 20–30 yaş aralığındaki sağlıklı kadınlarda sekiz hafta boyunca haftada iki gün uygulanan reformer Pilates egzersizlerinin denge, esneklik, merkez kas kuvveti ve vücut kompozisyonu üzerindeki etkilerini ayrıntılı olarak incelemektir.
Materyal ve Metod: Düzenli egzersiz alışkanlığı olmayan toplam 18 gönüllü kadın çalışmaya katılmış ve rastgele olarak egzersiz grubu (n = 10) ve kontrol grubu (n = 8) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Egzersiz grubu, sekiz hafta boyunca haftada iki gün, her biri yaklaşık 60 dakika süren ve uzman gözetiminde uygulanan bir reformer Pilates programını tamamlamıştır. Her bir seans; yapılandırılmış bir ısınma evresi, temel reformer egzersizleri ile soğuma ve germe evresinden oluşmuştur. Kontrol grubu ise herhangi bir yapılandırılmış egzersiz müdahalesine katılmadan günlük rutinlerini sürdürmüştür. Katılımcılar müdahale dönemi öncesinde ve sonrasında değerlendirilmiştir. Denge performansı, statik ve dinamik dengeyi ölçmek amacıyla tek ayak duruş testi ve Y denge testi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Esneklik otur-uzan testi ile ölçülmüş, core kas dayanıklılığı plank ve yan plank testleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Vücut kompozisyonu parametreleri olan vücut yağ yüzdesi ve yağsız vücut kütlesi standart ölçüm prosedürleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir.
Bulgular: Sekiz haftalık reformer Pilates programının ardından egzersiz grubunda statik ve dinamik denge puanları, esneklik düzeyleri ve core kas dayanıklılığı parametrelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iyileşmeler gözlenmiştir (p<0,05). Ayrıca vücut kompozisyonu analizleri, egzersiz grubunda vücut yağ yüzdesinde anlamlı bir azalma ve yağsız vücut kütlesinde anlamlı bir artış olduğunu göstermiştir (p<0,05). Buna karşılık kontrol grubunda ölçülen değişkenlerin hiçbirinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişim saptanmamıştır (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular, nispeten kısa süreli bir reformer Pilates programının genç yetişkin kadınlarda fonksiyonel fiziksel uygunluğun bileşenlerinde anlamlı iyileşmeler sağlayabildiğini göstermektedir. Postüral kontrol, core stabilizasyonu ve vücut kompozisyonu üzerindeki olumlu etkileri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, reformer Pilates’in sağlığın geliştirilmesi ve fiziksel performansın artırılmasına yönelik fizyoterapi uygulamaları ile genel fitness programlarına dâhil edilebilecek etkili ve güvenilir bir egzersiz yöntemi olduğu söylenebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Core Stabilitesi, Denge, Esneklik, Reformer Pilates, Vücut Kompozisyonu.
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