Kadın Voleybolcularda Vücut Kompozisyonunun Reaktif Görsel-Motor Yanıt ve Algısal-Bilişsel Performans Göstergeleri ile İlişkisi / The Relationship of Body Composition with Reactive Visual-Motor Response and Perceptual-Cognitive Performance Indicators in Female Volleyball Players
The Relationship of Body Composition with Reactive Visual-Motor Response and Perceptual-Cognitive Performance
Keywords:
Kadın, Performans, Reaksiyon Süresi, Voleybol, Vücut KompozisyonuAbstract
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadın voleybolcularda vücut kompozisyonu ile üst ekstremiteye özgü reaktif görsel-motor ve algısal-bilişsel performans göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.
Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya, profesyonel lig düzeyinde aktif spor yapan en az 3 yıllık lisanslı 29 kadın voleybolcu (yaş: 21,83 ± 3,49 yıl) gönüllü olarak katıldı. Vücut kompozisyonu, çok frekanslı biyoelektrik empedans analizi yöntemiyle InBody 120 cihazı kullanılarak belirlendi. Algısal-bilişsel performans, Bassin Anticipation Timer ile belirlenen öncelleme zamanına ait mutlak hata, sabit hata ve değişken hata bileşenleriyle değerlendirildi. Üst ekstremiteye özgü reaktif görsel-motor performansı BlazePod™ sistemi kullanılarak uygulanan Üst Vücut Kare Reaktif Çeviklik Testi ile saptandı. Değerler min-maks normalizasyon yöntemiyle standartlaştırıldı ve değişkenler eşit ağırlıklandırılarak her sporcu için birleşik performans skoru hesaplandı. Katılımcılar, vücut yağ yüzdesine göre düşük vücut yağ yüzdesi (DVY; n = 11, <%20) ve yüksek vücut yağ yüzdesi (YVY; n = 18, ≥%20) şeklinde iki gruba ayrıldı. İlişki ve grup karşılaştırmaları sırasıyla Spearman korelasyon ve Mann–Whitney U testi ile analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Kadın voleybolcularda vücut kompozisyonu değişkenleri ile üst ekstremiteye özgü reaktif görsel-motor ve algısal-bilişsel performans göstergeleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı (p > 0,05). DVY ve YVY grupları arasında reaktif görsel-motor performans, öncelleme zamanına ait hata parametreleri ve birleşik performans skoru açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p > 0,05).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada kadın voleybolcularda vücut kompozisyonu değişkenleri ile öncelleme zamanı ve üst ekstremiteye özgü reaktif görsel-motor performans arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı. Bu nedenle, üst ekstremiteye özgü reaktif görsel-motor performans ve öncelleme zamanı göstergelerinin yalnızca vücut kompozisyonu ile açıklanamayacağı, performans değerlendirmelerinde çok boyutlu bir yaklaşımın gerekli olduğu söylenebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Görsel-Motor Performans, Kadın Voleybolcular, Önceleme Zamanı, Reaktif Çeviklik, Vücut Kompozisyonu.
ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body composition, upper-extremity-specific reactive visual-motor and perceptual-cognitive performance indicators in female volleyball players.
Material and Method: Twenty-nine professional-level female volleyball players with at least three years of licensed sports experience voluntarily participated in the study (age: 21.83 ± 3.49 years). Body composition was assessed using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device, InBody 120. Perceptual-cognitive performance was evaluated through absolute error, constant error, and variable error components of anticipation timing assessed with the Bassin Anticipation Timer. Upper-extremity-specific reactive visual-motor performance was assessed using the Upper Body Square Reactive Agility Test performed with the BlazePod™ system. Values were standardized using the min–max normalization method, and a composite performance score was calculated for each athlete by equally weighting the variables. Participants were divided into low body fat percentage (LBF; n = 11, <20%) and high body fat percentage (HBF; n = 18, ≥20%) groups according to body fat percentage. Associations and group comparisons were analyzed using Spearman correlation and the Mann–Whitney U test, respectively.
Results: No statistically significant relationship was found between body composition variables and upper-extremity-specific reactive visual-motor and perceptual-cognitive performance indicators in female volleyball players (p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the LBF and HBF groups in terms of reaction time, error parameters, or composite performance score (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: No statistically significant relationship was found between body composition variables and anticipation timing or upper-extremity-specific reactive visual-motor performance in female volleyball players. Therefore, these performance indicators cannot be explained solely by body composition, suggesting that a multidimensional approach is required in performance evaluation.
Keywords: Anticipation Timing, Body Composition, Female Volleyball Players, Reactive Agility, Visual-Motor Performance.
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